![]() The equilibrium temperature is neither an upper nor lower bound on actual temperatures on a planet. The amount of radiation arriving at the planet is referred to as the incident solar radiation, I o Caveats The star emits radiation isotropically, and some fraction of this radiation reaches the planet. Calculation of equilibrium temperature Ĭonsider a planet orbiting its host star. Planetary equilibrium temperature differs from the global mean temperature and surface air temperature, which are measured observationally by satellites or surface-based instruments, and may be warmer than the equilibrium temperature due to the greenhouse effect. The effective radiation emission temperature is a related concept, but focuses on the actual power radiated rather than on the power being received, and so may have a different value if the planet has an internal energy source or when the planet is not in radiative equilibrium. Other authors use different names for this concept, such as equivalent blackbody temperature of a planet. ![]() In this model, the presence or absence of an atmosphere (and therefore any greenhouse effect) is irrelevant, as the equilibrium temperature is calculated purely from a balance with incident stellar energy. The planetary equilibrium temperature is a theoretical temperature that a planet would be if it was in radiative equilibrium, typically under the assumption that it radiates as a black body being heated only by its parent star. Temperature of a planet when approximated as radiating as a black body ![]()
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